{"title":"Ongunkan Younger Futhark","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eYounger Futhark\u003c\/strong\u003e, also called \u003cstrong\u003eScandinavian runes\u003c\/strong\u003e, is a \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Runic_alphabet\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erunic alphabet\u003c\/a\u003e and a reduced form of the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elder_Futhark\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eElder Futhark\u003c\/a\u003e, with only 16 characters, in use from about the 9th century, after a \"transitional period\" during the 7th and 8th centuries. The reduction, somewhat paradoxically, happened at the same time as phonetic changes that led to a greater number of different phonemes in the spoken language, when \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proto-Norse\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProto-Norse\u003c\/a\u003e evolved into \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Old_Norse\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOld Norse\u003c\/a\u003e. Also, the writing custom avoided carving the same rune consecutively for the same sound, so the spoken distinction between \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vowel_length\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003elong and short vowels\u003c\/a\u003e was lost in writing. Thus, the language included distinct sounds and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minimal_pair\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eminimal pairs\u003c\/a\u003e that were written the same.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Younger Futhark is divided into long-branch (Danish) and short-twig (Swedish and Norwegian) runes; in the 10th century, it was further expanded by the \"Hälsinge Runes\" or \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Staveless_runes\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estaveless runes\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe lifetime of the Younger Futhark corresponds roughly to the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_Age\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eViking Age\u003c\/a\u003e. Their use declined after the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christianization_of_Scandinavia\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eChristianization of Scandinavia\u003c\/a\u003e; most writing in Scandinavia from the 12th century was in the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_alphabet\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLatin alphabet\u003c\/a\u003e, but the runic scripts survived in marginal use in the form of the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medieval_runes\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emedieval runes\u003c\/a\u003e (in use ca. 1100–1500) and the Latinised \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dalecarlian_runes\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDalecarlian runes\u003c\/a\u003e (ca. 1500–1910)\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[],"url":"https:\/\/www.myfonts.com\/collections\/ongunkan-younger-futhark-font-runic-world-tamgac.oembed","provider":"MyFonts","version":"1.0","type":"link"}